Cell Structure
Light microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope
- Uses particle beam of electrons which is diffracted as it passes through the specimen
- Gives more detailed microscopic images
EXPERIMENT
To prepare and examine one animal and one plant cell, unstained and stained using a light microscope.
1) Set up microscope
2) Swab inside of cheek with cotton bud, place on slide, cover drop of water
3) When placing cover seal, place down slowly from a 45 degree angle using seeker needle to avoid air bubbles.
4) Examine slide using microscope
5) For stained cover slide with methylene blue dye instead of water and allow stand for a minute, remove any excess dye with absorbent paper.
6) When analysing plant cells cut plant e.g. celery thinly so light can pass through.
Result
Stained Unstained
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Organelle: Special membrane bound structure within the cell that has a specific function.
Cell Membrane
- Arranged in a phospholipid bilayer
- Boundary of the cell, holds the contents in
-Regulates what enters and leaves the cell; selectively permeable
Ribosome
- Made of RNA
- Makes proteins needed for cells; protein synthesis
Lysosome
- Contains enzymes
- Breaks down cell debris, viruses, bacteria, worn out organelles (cleaners)
Cytoplasm
- Consists of cytosol
- Functions as a medium for all chemical processes
Mitochondria
- Functions in respiration; powerhouse of the cell
- Has its own DNA(plasmid) so it can replicate by itself
Nucleus
Nucleolus
- May be more than 1
- Makes RNA(ribonucleic acid), which is then transported to the cytoplasm
Nucleoplasm
- liquid part of nucleus, similar function as cytoplasm
DNA
- Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
- Located in the chromosomes
- Contains all the genetic code needed to make proteins
Nuclear Envelope
- Double membrane separating it from the rest of the cells contents
- Contains nuclear pores which are small holes that allows chemicals to pass in and out of the nucleus
Plant Cell
Cell Wall
- Strong and rigid to give plant strength and shape
Chloroplasts
- Functions in photosynthesis using water, CO2 and sunlight
- Have their own DNA and can replicate independently
Middle Lamella
- Cement which binds cell walls together maintaining the structure of the plant
Vacuole
- Large fluid filled sac
- Functions in storing water, food and waste
- Maintains shape of the cell
Prokaryotic Cell
- No membrane bound nucleus or membrane bound organelles, chemicals to complete their processes are present
- e.g. Bacteria
Eukaryotic Cell
- Has a membrane bound nucleus and membrane bound organelles
- Larger cells to separate all the cell processes
Light microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope
- Uses particle beam of electrons which is diffracted as it passes through the specimen
- Gives more detailed microscopic images
EXPERIMENT
To prepare and examine one animal and one plant cell, unstained and stained using a light microscope.
1) Set up microscope
2) Swab inside of cheek with cotton bud, place on slide, cover drop of water
3) When placing cover seal, place down slowly from a 45 degree angle using seeker needle to avoid air bubbles.
4) Examine slide using microscope
5) For stained cover slide with methylene blue dye instead of water and allow stand for a minute, remove any excess dye with absorbent paper.
6) When analysing plant cells cut plant e.g. celery thinly so light can pass through.
Result
Stained Unstained
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Organelle: Special membrane bound structure within the cell that has a specific function.Cell Membrane
- Arranged in a phospholipid bilayer
- Boundary of the cell, holds the contents in
-Regulates what enters and leaves the cell; selectively permeable
Ribosome
- Made of RNA
- Makes proteins needed for cells; protein synthesis
Lysosome
- Contains enzymes
- Breaks down cell debris, viruses, bacteria, worn out organelles (cleaners)
Cytoplasm
- Consists of cytosol
- Functions as a medium for all chemical processes
Mitochondria
- Functions in respiration; powerhouse of the cell
- Has its own DNA(plasmid) so it can replicate by itself
Nucleus
Nucleolus
- May be more than 1
- Makes RNA(ribonucleic acid), which is then transported to the cytoplasm
Nucleoplasm
- liquid part of nucleus, similar function as cytoplasm
DNA
- Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
- Located in the chromosomes
- Contains all the genetic code needed to make proteins
Nuclear Envelope
- Double membrane separating it from the rest of the cells contents
- Contains nuclear pores which are small holes that allows chemicals to pass in and out of the nucleus
Plant Cell
Cell Wall
- Strong and rigid to give plant strength and shape
Chloroplasts
- Functions in photosynthesis using water, CO2 and sunlight
- Have their own DNA and can replicate independently
Middle Lamella
- Cement which binds cell walls together maintaining the structure of the plant
Vacuole
- Large fluid filled sac
- Functions in storing water, food and waste
- Maintains shape of the cell
Prokaryotic Cell
- No membrane bound nucleus or membrane bound organelles, chemicals to complete their processes are present
- e.g. Bacteria
Eukaryotic Cell
- Has a membrane bound nucleus and membrane bound organelles
- Larger cells to separate all the cell processes
Comments
Post a Comment